Friday, July 8, 2016

Irrigating the fields with Climate Smart Interventions - Solar powered Pump Dug Wells in Jalpaiguri district of West Bengal State, India


     



Ganesh Barman, a resident of Salbari Barmanpara village in Matiali block of Jalpaiguri district, is a happy man now. The village, which faced increasing water crisis over the years, is now water sufficient because it manages its water resources well and shares it equitably. Ganesh is a member of Salbari Barmanpara Water User Association, formed to maintain, operate and manage the Solar powered Pump Dug Well Scheme installed under West Bengal Accelerated Development of Minor Irrigation Project (WBADMIP), a Govt. of West Bengal and The World Bank initiative.
Before the implementation of the scheme, due to poor water holding capacity of the soil and scanty rainfall in Rabi season, the farmers of the village had to resort to cultivation only during Monsoon season. But, even during the monsoon season, weak agricultural extension services and lack of assured irrigation restricted crop production only for domestic consumption. To earn their livelihood farmers had to move to other labor job options such as pebble collections during winters (Rabi season).

 “Water issues resulted in migrations, conflicts and vulnerability to many socio-economic problems,” Ganesh Barman, WUA member

Agriculture is the main source of livelihood in the area, and it is dependent on rainwater. When rainwater is insufficient to support the crops, the dug wells are the only hope of these vulnerable farming communities. The irrigation of crops through these dug wells was labor-intensive, and time-consuming. Though still operational at a few places, they are now being considered old-fashioned and outdated options, because pumping water through them is uneconomical. As an adaptation option, farmers had been going for electrical/diesel pumping systems for these dug wells. But, due to electricity shortages for electric pumps and high operational costs of diesel pumps, alternate options needed to be explored.
As an initiative to demonstrate improved agricultural productivity and enhance farmers’ resilience by introducing climate-smart interventions, two cluster based Solar Powered Pump Dug Well with 1500 mm X 300 mm X 75 mm (diameter x height x thickness) ring sizes were constructed in 2015 from the Project in Salbari Barmanpara village, with an expenditure of  INR 14,78,017. A 2 HP submersible pump was attached with a capacity to drag out 1, 20,000 to 1, 35,000 liters of underground water daily. A day in Jalpaiguri refers to 5.5 hour as the maximum intensity of sunlight is between 9 am to 3pm. This kind of  use of energy efficient pumping and high-efficiency irrigation system not only reduces energy costs and improve productivity, but also helps in water conservation.

“After the Solar powered PDW installation, there is very less added expense unlike in the case of electricity based structure where the chances of a transformer burning are very high. Moreover, farmers get 5 hours of assured irrigation”, Mr S. Mitra, Executive Engineer, Jalpaiguri DPMU.

Watering down the agriculture land:
     With a command area of 10 Ha (Each PDW have the Command area of 5 ha), the structure is providing assured irrigation to 17 farmers which formed the Salbari Barmanpara Water User Association with guidance and support from Institutional Development experts of Jalpaiguri DPMU. Apart from providing assured irrigation during the much needed Rabi season, the project also disseminating agricultural technologies for adoption to enhance the income of these small and marginal farmers. Agriculture experts in the SPMU and DPMU conducts various trainings and exposure visits for the farmers to empower their agricultural knowledge and skills. Reflection of these interventions appeared in the following Rabi season with an expansion of almost 5 Ha cropping area against almost none in the preceding seasons. Crops such as tomato, brinjal, cauliflower, cabbage, mustard, potato etc. were being extensively grown thus bringing a good economic return for the farmers. This is where the story of Ganesh Barman starts.

Story of Ganesh Barman:

Nearly two years ago, when 30-year-old Ganesh Barman saw the installation of solar-powered pump Dug Well, little did he know that arrival of the WBADMIP Engineers in the village will reap rich dividends one day. He had to wrap up his school education by 4th standard to join his elders in the field and earn for his family. Currently he is looking after his own 4 bighas plot of agricultural land and another 8 bighas belongs to his family members.
Earlier, Mr. Barman earned hardly INR 48000 in a year as he was largely dependent on Monsoon rains for his kharif paddy cultivation which was not enough to sustain in an economy with persistent inflation. However, little bit of additional income from livestock helped him somehow to sustain through the lean period.
Empowered with assured irrigation from the installation of the Solar Powered Pump Dug Wells, Mr Barman cultivated 3 bighas of land in the following Rabi season for the first time and earned a net profit of INR 39000 . The economy of return was as follows:
Crop
Area in Bigha*
Cost of Cultivation(INR)
Yield Kg/bigha
Value of the produce(INR)
Brinjal
1.0
5,000
3,600
18,000
Tomato
1.0
7,000
4,000
20,000
Cauliflower
0.5
2,500
6,000
15,000
Leafy Vegetables
0.5
500
Na
1,000
Total
3.0
15,000

54,000
*1 Bigha= 0.33 Acre

Net Profit= Value of Produce – Cost of Cultivation
                = INR 54,000- INR 15,000
                = INR 39,000

Mr Barman is expecting his annual income would go beyond INR 100,000 with the inclusion of earnings from the other 2 upcoming season’s i.e Pre Kharif and Kharif. Earlier his agricultural activities were restricted to one season fetching him an annual income of hardly INR 48,000, now with the availability of water round the year he is shifting from mono cropping to multiple crop cultivation which is one of the main mandate behind selection of schemes under WBADMIP. The Solar Powered structures has able to bring a paradigm shift to the socio economic scenario in the area thus giving a crucial contribution towards the achievement of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs).  
                       

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